EU LEGISLATION

On February 11, the European Parliament adopted a package of three decisions providing for a €90 billion loan to Ukraine in 2026–2027. Of these funds, €30 billion will be provided through the Ukraine Facility Plan as macro-financial assistance for budget support, and €60 billion will be used to strengthen Ukraine's defense capabilities and purchase military equipment.

 

UKRAINIAN LEGISLATION

On January 20, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine adopted Decision № 1-р/2026 in the Case of the constitutional submission of the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights regarding the compliance with the Constitution of Ukraine (constitutionality) of Article 90, subparagraph 1 of paragraph 2 of Section XI “Final and Transitional Provisions” of the Law of Ukraine “On Public Service” dated December 10, 2015, No. 889-VIII, part seven of Article 21 of the Law of Ukraine “On Service in Local Self-Government Bodies” dated June 7, 2001, No. 2493-III.

Accordingly, this Decision recognizes subparagraph 1 of paragraph 2 of Section XI “Final and Transitional Provisions” of the Law of Ukraine “On Public Service” dated December 10, 2015, No. 889-VIII as unconstitutional in that it does not establish transitional conditions for pension provision or compensation mechanisms for persons who, during the period from March 15, 2000, to the date of entry into force of the Law of Ukraine “On Public Service” dated December 10, 2015, No. 889-VIII, held positions as civil servants or local government officials, but as of May 1, 2016, did not have the required length of service for the appointment of a pension based on Article 37 of the Law of Ukraine “On Public Service” dated December 16, 1993, No. 3723-XII, as amended.

The legislator must, within a reasonable period of time, change the conditions for pension provision or introduce a compensation mechanism for those categories of local government officials who, in the period from March 15, 2000, to the date of entry into force of Law No. 889-VIII, held positions as civil servants or local government officials, but as of May 1, 2016, did not have the required length of service for the appointment of a pension based on Article 37 of Law No. 3723-XII.

 

On January 14, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Laws of Ukraine “On Approval of the Decree of the President of Ukraine ”On the Extension of Martial Law in Ukraine“ № 4757-IX and ”On Approval of the Decree of the President of Ukraine “On the Extension of General Mobilization” № 4758-IX, which extended the term of martial law and general mobilization by 90 days, until May 4, 2026.

 

On January 28, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (the CMU) issued Resolution №106 “On the implementation of a pilot project to provide state assistance for the purchase of independent sources of electricity to meet the needs of co-owners of apartment buildings.” This Resolution launched the implementation of the above-mentioned pilot project and approved the Procedure for its implementation.

The equipment that can be purchased with the aid includes gasoline, diesel, and gas generators; inverters; high-voltage battery control units; batteries; and solar photovoltaic modules (panels).

 

On January 28, the CMU issued Resolution №94 “Certain Issues of Transferring Humanitarian Aid in the Form of Buses, Electric Buses, Tram Cars, Trolleybuses, and Metro Cars by Recipients of Humanitarian Aid to Its Acquirers During the Period of Martial Law in Ukraine and Within 12 Months from the Date of Its Termination or Cancellation.” This Resolution approved the Procedure for the transfer of the specified humanitarian aid and determined that the acquirers of the specified humanitarian aid are municipal enterprises or business associations, 100% of whose shares (stocks) belong to the relevant territorial communities; the recipients are local self-government bodies (military administrations of settlements, if established).

 

On January 28, the CMU issued Resolution №84 “On Amendments to Appendix 1 to the Procedure and Conditions for Providing Subsidies from the State Budget to Local Budgets for the Implementation of Projects under the Ukraine Recovery Program.” In accordance with this Resolution, a new version of the distribution of subsidies from the state budget to local budgets for the implementation of projects under the Ukraine Recovery Program between the budgets of individual communities in Vinnytsia, Dnipropetrovsk, Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Kirovohrad, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Poltava, Sumy, Kharkiv, Cherkasy, and Chernihiv regions, with a total amount of almost UAH 1 billion.

 

On January 28, the CMU issued Resolution №83 “On Amendments to the Procedure for Conducting Initial Military Training.” This Resolution provides for the creation of centers for studying the subject “Defense of Ukraine” to conduct classes on initial training in municipal institutions of general secondary, vocational, specialized, and pre-higher education that provide specialized secondary education. The center is established in accordance with the decision (order) of regional state administrations upon the proposal of the founders (or their authorized bodies in the field of education) or heads of municipal institutions of general secondary and specialized education.

This Resolution shall enter into force on September 1, 2027.

 

On January 28, the CMU issued Resolution №81 “On Amendments to Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 816 of August 4, 2023.” This Resolution sets out a new version of the “Procedure for the development, approval, monitoring, and evaluation of the implementation of regional development strategies and action plans for their implementation.” According to the updated Procedure, regional strategies and action plans are developed by regional state administrations based on an assessment of the needs of stakeholders and beneficiaries in the region, an assessment of gender impact, and considering the development strategies of territorial communities and functional types of territories. Regional strategies must be consistent with the relevant urban planning documentation.

 

On January 28, the CMU issued Resolution №80 "On Approval of the Procedure and Conditions for Providing Additional Subsidies from the State Budget to Local Budgets in 2026 for the Exercise of Local Self-Government Powers in De-occupied, temporarily occupied, and other territories of Ukraine that have been negatively affected by the full-scale armed aggression of the Russian Federation." This Resolution approves the Procedure and conditions for providing the specified additional subsidy, the funds from which are directed to cover imbalances in local budgets that arose in connection with a decrease in the revenues of the general fund of local budgets in 2026 compared to previous budget periods or other factors in the context of martial law, to reduce the negative impact on local budget indicators caused by the full-scale armed aggression of the Russian Federation.

 

On January 28, the CMU issued Resolution №77 “On Amendments to the List of Construction Works That Do Not Require Documents Granting the Right to Perform Them and After Completion of Which the Facility Is Not Subject to Acceptance into Operation.” The list of construction works has been expanded to include the installation of solar power plants on the roofs and facades of buildings, as well as the replacement of equipment at such power plants.

 

On January 23, the CMU issued Resolution №76 “On the implementation of a pilot project to provide state aid to employees of fuel and energy complex enterprises, housing and communal services, and public rail transport involved in emergency repair work.” In accordance with this resolution, a pilot project was launched for a period of four months in 2026 to provide state aid to employees of enterprises in the fuel and energy complex, housing and communal services (regardless of ownership), public rail transport, who were directly involved in January-March 2026 in emergency repair work on electricity, heat, gas, water supply, and water disposal facilities. This Resolution of the CMU approved the Procedure for implementing the experiment.

State aid is provided monthly to employees involved in emergency repair work in January-March 2026, for UAH 20,000 for each reporting month worked by them during the performance of emergency repair work at the expense of the reserve fund of the state budget allocated by the Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of Development.

 

On January 21, the CMU issued Order №52-r “On the distribution in 2026 of subsidies from the state budget to local budgets for the implementation of projects under the Ukraine Recovery Program III.” This Order distributed UAH 740 million of the specified subsidy among the budgets of hromadas in all regions of Ukraine.

 

On 21 January, the CMU issued Resolution № 52 “Certain issues of the functioning of the Inheritance Register”, which approved a new Procedure for the state registration of wills, inheritance contracts, information related to inheritance, and for maintaining the Inheritance Register as a component of the Unified State Electronic E-Notary System. The Resolution defines the composition and scope of information subject to entry into the Register, the circle of registrars (including officials of local self-government bodies), the time limits and procedures for registration, the formation of extracts and information certificates, the procedure for correcting errors, as well as the rules for charging fees and cases of exemption from payment.

From the day following the day of publication by the Ministry of Justice of a notice on the technical readiness of the e-notary system, information on applications (claims of creditors) regarding inherited and/or joint property will be entered into the Register with mandatory uploading of scanned copies, and informing the right holder about requests of other persons will also be introduced.

The CMU recommended that local self-government bodies take measures to connect to the Inheritance Register and to obtain access for officials of local self-government who are authorised to perform notarial acts.

 

On 21 January, the CMU issued Resolution № 50 “On amendments to the procedures approved by resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 13 April 2011 No. 461 and of 23 June 2021 No. 681”, by which it introduced amendments to the Procedure for commissioning completed construction projects and to the Procedure for maintaining the Unified State Electronic System in the field of construction. The Resolution introduces mandatory formation of a checklist based on the results of an on-site inspection of a construction project, as well as photo and video recording of such inspection using the Unified State Electronic System in the field of construction, including the “Transparent Construction” mobile application, with the application of a qualified electronic signature and transfer of materials to the Construction Activity Register.

A new version of the checklist has been approved, covering verification of project documentation, accessibility for persons with limited mobility, fire safety, engineering utilities, landscaping, interior finishing, and the availability of civil protection shelters.

A transitional period until 1 April 2026 has been introduced, during which state architectural and construction control bodies will form and enter checklists and photo and video recording materials using the electronic system where technically feasible, and are obliged to ensure such feasibility by the specified date.

 

On 21 January, the CMU issued Resolution № 49 “Certain issues of the Unified Digital Platform (web portal) in the field of support for war veterans, members of their families, and veteran entrepreneurship entities”, by which it approved the Regulation on the Unified Digital Platform (web portal) in the specified field. The Resolution determines that the Unified web portal is a state information resource of the Ministry for Veterans Affairs for publishing information on existing state, regional, and local programmes (services) for supporting war veterans, members of their families, and veteran entrepreneurship entities. An obligation has been established for ministries, oblasts, Kyiv and Sevastopol city state (military) administrations to submit to the Ministry for Veterans Affairs, every quarter, information on the relevant programmes for filling the web portal.

 

On 20 January, the CMU issued Order № 43-р “Certain issues of ensuring territorial communities with mobile distributed heat and electricity generation equipment”, by which it allocated UAH 2.56 billion from the reserve fund of the state budget to the State Agency for Restoration and Infrastructure Development for the procurement of mobile distributed heat and electricity generation equipment for the needs of territorial communities. The funds are provided on a non-repayable basis to prevent the occurrence of a man-made emergency.

The Order provides for procurement under conditions of urgent need without the application of open tenders and/or an electronic catalogue, the possibility of advance payment of up to 60% of the value of contracts for a period of no more than three months, the designation of the State Enterprise “Restoration of Critical Infrastructure” as the contracting authority, as well as the obligation to submit a report on the use of funds by 29 May 2026.

 

On 19 January, the CMU issued Resolution № 71 “On approval of the Procedure and conditions for providing a subvention from the state budget to local budgets for the implementation of a public investment project for arranging safe conditions (arrangement of shelters) in institutions providing general secondary education, in particular military (naval, military-sports) lyceums, lyceums with enhanced military-physical training, and in preschool education institutions, in the part of preschool education”. By this Resolution, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine is designated as the main spending unit, the areas of financing are defined (new construction and reconstruction/major repair of protective structures), the range of priority institutions and project selection criteria are outlined (availability of project documentation and expert review, suitability/absence of a shelter, ability to ensure in-person/blended learning and simultaneous sheltering), the prioritisation mechanism through the Unified Information System and the work of a commission are established, as well as the rules for co-financing depending on the tax capacity of the community (subvention up to 70–95% with a contribution from the local budget of 30–5%) and the requirements for monitoring/reporting and commencement of works within the established time limits.

 

On 19 January, the CMU issued Resolution №47 No. 47 “On amendments to the Procedure for the organisation and functioning of Points of Invincibility”, which provides that in the event of long-term (more than 48 hours) interruption or disruption of the operation of life-support systems in cities, stationary Points of Invincibility may function as hub points with the possibility of round-the-clock temporary stay of the population, including persons with limited mobility, with the arrangement of sleeping places. By the Resolution, the standards for the number of hub points have been clarified depending on the population size of the city (up to 100 persons – for cities with a population of 30–100 thousand, 100–300 persons – for cities with 100–500 thousand, at least 300 persons – for cities with a population of over 500 thousand), with the possibility of increasing the number of sleeping places if necessary.

 

On 14 January, the CMU issued Resolution № 70 “On approval of the list of dangerous items and substances with which persons are prohibited from staying on the territory and in the premises of a general secondary education institution”, by which it approved the list of items and substances prohibited in schools (in particular weapons and their components, ammunition, explosive and pyrotechnic articles, special self-defence means, electroshock devices, dangerous tools, narcotic and psychotropic substances, alcohol, tobacco and energy products), and also defined exceptions for items used in the educational process and the economic activities of the institution, in school museums, during sports/educational events under the supervision of a responsible person, by officials in the performance of their powers, and to ensure the functioning of Points of Invincibility deployed in educational institutions.

 

On 14 January, the CMU issued Resolution № 64 “Certain issues of organising the provision of social services”, by which it approved a new Procedure for organising the provision of social services, case management, and determining the number of social managers; defined their powers; established workload standards for social managers (one manager per 10,000 persons in communities); introduced unified procedures for case identification, needs assessment, and decision-making on the provision, continuation, or termination of social services using the Unified Information System of the Social Sphere, and also introduced amendments to several CMU resolutions in the field of social services.

Executive bodies of village, settlement, city, and district-in-city (if established) councils are recommended, when organising the provision of social services, to be guided by the Procedure approved by this resolution.

 

On 14 January, the CMU issued Resolution № 45 “On amendments to the Procedure for the implementation of the experimental project on new construction, reconstruction, major repair, repair, and other engineering and technical measures for the protection of critical infrastructure facilities of the fuel and energy sector, the railway transport subsector of the transport and postal sector, and the sector of life-support systems of critical infrastructure”. By this Resolution, the range of participants in the experimental project was expanded, the requirements for forming lists of critical infrastructure facilities and determining the levels of their engineering protection were clarified taking into account the “Country–Fortress” Concept, the possibility was provided to carry out repairs and certain engineering and technical measures without developing design documentation by decision of the contracting authority, issues of approval of design documentation, use of material reserves, financing of measures from the state and local budgets were regulated, and the procedure for commissioning completed protection facilities was clarified.

 

On 14 January, the CMU issued Order № 25-р “On approval of the distribution of an additional grant for financing expenditures transferred from the state budget for the maintenance of educational and healthcare institutions among local budgets in 2026”. By this Order, an additional grant for local budgets for the maintenance of educational and healthcare institutions in 2026 was distributed among oblast state administrations. For certain oblasts, the grant is directed mainly to the oblast budget (in particular, in Vinnytsia, Volyn, Dnipropetrovsk, and Odesa oblasts), while in other regions the distribution of the grant between the oblast budget and the budgets of territorial communities is provided, and undistributed balances are also determined for Ivano-Frankivsk and Lviv oblasts.

 

On 14 January, the CMU issued Order № 21-r “Certain issues of calculating the amounts of fees (administrative charges) for the provision of public (electronic public) services”, by which it introduced a centralised approach to determining an economically justified amount of the administrative charge based on expenditures of the state and/or local budgets and approved the Methodology and the algorithm for automated calculation through a tool on the Diia Portal. Within six months, the Ministry of Digital Transformation is to ensure the technical possibility for carrying out automated calculations and submitting the results, and within five working days after the launch, it is to inform local self-government bodies.

Local self-government bodies are recommended, within three months from the date such technical possibility is ensured, to carry out the calculation of administrative charges for a defined list of services (in particular, registration of civil status acts, issuance/exchange of passports, residence permits, operations related to place of residence, issuance of driving licences, services related to dangerous goods) using the Methodology and to submit the relevant calculations to the Ministry of Digital Transformation.

 

On 12 January, the CMU issued Resolution № 16 “Certain issues of providing a subvention from the state budget to local budgets for improving hot meals and financing meals for primary school pupils of general secondary education institutions from the special fund in 2026”. This Resolution provides for directing the balance of funds of the special fund of the state budget received from the United Nations World Food Programme to provide the respective subvention to local budgets in 2026 for nearly UAH 90 million. The use of the funds is to be carried out in accordance with the Procedure and conditions approved by CMU Resolution of 20 December 2024 No. 1451.

The Resolution also distributed the subvention among local budgets.

 

On 7 January, the CMU issued Resolution № 41 “On the implementation of an experimental project on employment and formalisation of labour relations in electronic form using the Unified Information and Analytical System ‘Obrii’”. By this Resolution, for the period of martial law and for two years after its termination, an experiment was introduced providing for full digitalisation of processes of employee recruitment, hiring, dismissal, and personnel file management through the Diia Portal (Diia mobile application) using the ‘Obrii’ system, the ESCO classifier, and the digital profile ‘Obrii ID’.

 

On 7 January, the CMU issued Resolution № 40 “Certain issues of providing employment services through centres for the provision of administrative services”, by which the phased integration of employment services into Centres for the Provision of Administrative Services (CNAPs) was introduced using the Diia Portal and the Diia mobile application.

The Resolution provides for the possibility for employers, unemployed persons, and jobseekers to submit applications, information, and documents both in paper and electronic form, expands automatic electronic data exchange with state registers, regulates the use of qualified and remote electronic signatures (‘Diia.Signature’), and also introduces amendments to several CMU resolutions aimed at digitalising procedures for the registration of unemployed persons, provision of unemployment benefits, compensation to employers, and partial unemployment. The actual provision of such services through CNAPs will be carried out after ensuring the relevant technical readiness.

 

On 7 January, the CMU issued Resolution № 14 “On amendments to the Procedure for leasing state and municipal property”, by which the rules for determining the designated purpose of lease objects were updated and the list of restrictions on the use of state and municipal property was clarified. By the Resolution, the scope of information submitted on a lease object was expanded, in particular providing for the mandatory indication of data on an emergency condition or non-use of the property during the last three years; the approach to the designated use of property of education, healthcare, culture, physical culture and sports institutions was revised; leasing of emergency or actually unused objects was allowed without the application of strict restrictions, provided that social and living conditions are not worsened. The possibility was also introduced for the balance holder to determine specific types of economic activity for the use of such property.

 

On 2 January, the CMU issued Resolution № 4 “Certain issues of remuneration of employees of institutions, establishments, and organisations of certain sectors of the budgetary sphere”, by which, as of 1 January 2026, the amount of the official salary (tariff rate) of an employee of the 1st tariff grade was set at UAH 3,470 for the calculation of official salaries under the Unified Tariff Scale. The Resolution also obliged heads of budgetary institutions to ensure differentiation of wages of employees receiving remuneration at the minimum level, within the wage fund, through the application of supplements, allowances, and bonuses, as well as to bring their own regulatory legal acts on remuneration into compliance with this resolution.

 

On 31 December, the CMU issued Resolution № 1808 “Certain issues of the implementation of the programme of state guarantees of medical care for the population in 2026”, by which it approved the Procedure for the implementation of the medical guarantees programme for 2026 and defined the conditions for financing and monitoring the provision of medical services. The Resolution regulates the use of remaining funds of healthcare institutions after reorganisation, details the responsibilities of the Ministry of Health, the National Health Service, oblast and city state (military) administrations regarding the submission of information, conclusion of contracts, and supervision of healthcare providers, and also provides for an analysis of the effectiveness of certain packages of medical services and mechanisms for their payment during 2026.

 

On 31 December, the CMU issued Resolution № 1805 “Certain issues of providing state assistance to families with children”, by which it approved a new Procedure for granting assistance at the birth of a child and updated the mechanism for the assignment and payment of the relevant state support as of 1 January 2026. The Resolution establishes a single amount of assistance at the birth of the first and each subsequent child in the amount of UAH 50,000, expands the use of electronic services (in particular the ‘Diia Portal’ and the ‘eMaliatko’ service), regulates the procedure for information interaction between state registers, and clarifies the conditions for granting, terminating, and returning assistance taking into account special life circumstances, including during martial law.

 

On 31 December, the CMU issued Resolution № 1800 “On amendments to the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 8 August 2023 No. 835”, by which it introduced amendments to the Rules for the provision of household waste management services and standard contracts to clarify the requirements for the organisation of waste collection and transportation and the procedure for charging fees for the service.
The Resolution establishes additional requirements in the case of applying a non-container system and collecting waste upon the consumer’s request, defines the specifics of providing and paying for the service of managing green waste, allows the temporary application of daily consumption norms for the service (for no more than five years) when it is introduced in a community, clarifies the rules for determining the number of persons for fee calculation, and also establishes the consumer’s right not to pay for the cost of the service in the event of continuous temporary absence for more than 30 calendar days, provided that an application and supporting documents are submitted, with a corresponding obligation of the service provider to carry out a recalculation.

 

On 31 December, the CMU issued Resolution № 1799 “On approval of the Procedure for assessing the state of cyber protection of information, electronic communications and information and communication systems, critical infrastructure facilities, and critical information infrastructure facilities”, by which a unified mandatory mechanism for assessing the state of cyber protection was introduced for local self-government bodies, critical infrastructure operators, and other owners of the relevant systems and facilities.
The Resolution defines the types of assessment (compliance with target security profiles, current state of cyber protection, compliance with national standards, state of protection of state information resources), establishes the frequency of planned assessments and the grounds for unscheduled assessments, requirements for assessment entities, and the procedure for preparing and submitting reports to the Administration of the State Service for Special Communications and Information Protection.

 

On 7 January, the Central Election Commission adopted Resolution №1 ‘On proposals for legislative regulation of the specifics of organising and conducting nationwide elections after the termination or cancellation of martial law in Ukraine.’ With this resolution, the CEC approved its own legislative proposals related to the organisation and conduct of the next post-war nationwide elections and set them out in the form of a draft Law of Ukraine ‘On the Specifics of Ensuring the Organisation and Conduct of Nationwide Elections after the Termination or Abolition of Martial Law in Ukraine.’

 

On 30 December 2025, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine approved, by Order №1725, the ‘Model Regulations on the Supervisory Board of a Vocational Education Institution and the Model Procedure for Forming a Supervisory Board.’ The supervisory board is a new governing body of a vocational education institution, which is supposed to balance the interests of the founder, employers, and the institution itself. Its activities should be aimed at strengthening the link between education and the needs of the labour market, improving the quality of educational services, effective strategic and financial planning, and the accountability of the institution's management.

 

The Ministry of Community and Territorial Development of Ukraine has published the results of monitoring the reform of local self-government and territorial organisation of power as of 1 January 2026. The monitoring reflects the most common areas of hromadas cooperation, the number of their international partners, the development of the institution of starostas, the network of Administrative Service Centres, the number of military administrations established at the hromadas level, financial indicators of hromada’s activities, and an analysis of the revenue and expenditure sides of local budgets.

 

On 27 January, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine published instructions for teachers in general secondary education institutions to help them verify the correctness of their salary calculations in 2026. A hotline has also been set up by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine at (044) 481-47-85 to provide advice to the public on the payment of salaries to teachers in 2026.

 

PUBLIC DISCUSSION

On 3 February, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine submitted for public discussion a draft Standard Educational Programme for grades 1–4 of general secondary education institutions, developed on the basis of the updated State Standard for Primary Education. This is the next step in implementing changes in primary schools. It is expected that teaching in the first grades according to this TOP will begin on 1 September 2028.

Comments and suggestions on the draft Standard Educational Programme will be accepted until 18 February 2026 at the following email addresses: oksana.virolainen@mon.gov.ua, yevhenii.simenyk@mon.gov.ua.

 

On 20 January, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine submitted for public discussion a draft Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine ‘On Approval of the Regulations on Assistants to Vocational Education Students with Special Educational Needs.’ The draft act defines the procedure and conditions for admitting assistants to vocational education seekers with special educational needs to the educational process, the requirements for them, as well as the basic rules for their stay in vocational education institutions and participation in the educational process.

Comments and suggestions on the draft act are accepted until 20 February 2026 at the email address: viktoriia.sydorenko@mon.gov.ua.

 

COURT PRACTICE

The Supreme Court, in its additional ruling of January 8 in Case № 916/4944/24, formulated the legal position that the costs incurred by a party for sending its representatives to court to participate in a cassation hearing are court costs, since participation in a court hearing is a procedural action, and traveling to a court in another city is objectively necessary for the exercise of the right to defense. Therefore, the travel and accommodation expenses of a party's representative who is its employee and participates in the case as a self-representative are expenses related to the performance of procedural actions.

 

The Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court, in its ruling of December 3 in Case №914/768/22, formulated a legal position that a reference in a contract to the fact that a person is acting based on the charter cannot be unconditionally equated with the fact that a third party – the counterparty – has familiarized itself with the charter.

The Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court noted that Article 92(3) of the Civil Code of Ukraine establishes a rebuttable presumption of the validity of all actions of a director in legal relations with third parties, which means that for a third party that has entered into a contract with a legal entity, restrictions on the powers to represent the legal entity are generally not legally valid, even if such restrictions existed at the time of concluding the contract. A bona fide counterparty of the relevant legal entity has the right to expect and rely on the accuracy of the information entered in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, Individual Entrepreneurs, and Public Organizations, including information regarding the scope of authority of the head of the legal entity. Such a restriction of powers becomes legally binding on a third party if that third party, when entering into relations with the legal entity and concluding a contract, acted in bad faith or unreasonably, in particular, knew for certain that the legal entity or its representative did not have the necessary powers or should have known about it, having exercised at least reasonable caution.